The following are some essential, must-know phrases when communicating with Japanese people.
1. Ohayou-gozaimasu (おはようございます): Good morning
2. Kon'nichiwa (こんにちは): Hello (during daytime only)
3. Konbanwa (こんばんは): Good evening/hello (during evening/night)
In Japan, the words used in greeting vary depending on the time of day: morning, noon/daytime, and evening/night. In the mornings, say "Ohayou-gozaimasu" (lit. 'Good morning), during the day say "Kon'nichiwa," and in the evening/at night, "Konbanwa" (lit. 'Good evening').
4. Arigatou gozaimasu (ありがとうございます): Thank you
This is a phrase to express thanks and gratitude. You can shorten the phrase to "arigatou" in a casual situation, but "arigatou gozaimasu" is more polite. If somebody tells you "Arigatou gozaimasu," you can reply with "Dou itashimashite (どういたしまして)," or "You're welcome."
5. Hai (はい): Yes
6. Iie (いいえ): No
Use "hai" as a positive/affirmative response in conversation. To deny or negate, say "iie," or "no."
7. Sumimasen (すみません): Excuse me
This useful phrase can be used as both an apology and as thanks, as well as to address a stranger or unfamiliar person. Its nuance is quite similar to the English equivalent "excuse me."
