What are the different types of POV?
1. first person's point of view - the main character is telling a story. The character uses the word "I" and everyone else is "nila/sila/nito". Ang kwento mo ay experience ni character. Character knows what happened first hand or character is present in all the scenes. You have access to the main character's thoughts about the story.
2. first person peripheral - the narrator is not the protagonist so the story does not revolve around them but they're there. Ibig sabihin, when you use first person peripheral, the story account is based on a spectator's perspertive.
Before we proceed to the second PPOV, I would highly suggest you write using the first person's point of view if you're just starting out and you don't know how to use the third person PPOV. And I suggest you limit the character to the main character only. IF YOU HAVE 10 CHARACTERS, UTANG NA LOOB, FOR YOUR SAKE, DO NOT GIVE THEM ALL THE MIC.
You'll have an easier time writing if you will only channel one character or two, at most. But if you must use different characters JUST to have access to their thoughts, then it's much easier to use third person's PPOV.
3. second person's POV - this is when the main character is addressing you. Ibig sabihin, ikinikwento niya sa iyo ang nangyari. Kumbaga, kung babasahin mo, para ka nyang kinakausap. So, parang yung writer, bini-break yung fourth wall at direktang kausap ka, yung reader. Ito rin yung ginagamit sa instructional manuals, kagaya nito. Read the italicized paragraphs above for example.
4. third person's POV - there is no usage of "I" except in dialogues. When you describe events, the main character is referred to as "siya" and everyone else is sila/ito.
There are three types of this POV:
a. third person limited - ito yung mali ko dati kasi akala ko ito yung ginagawa ko, which is hindi pala. This is still a limited POV kahit malawak ang saklaw so you'll have access to the main character's thoughts and you can describe their actions too. Pero yung hindi nila iniisip ay hindi mo maiisip at yung hindi nila nakikita ay hindi mo makikita. Hindi mo malalaman ang hindi nila nalalaman. And since limited nga, if there's something important happening somewhere else and they're not present there or if another character didn't convey the information, then they wouldn't know that that happened. If you want more wiggle room, you use the third person multiple.
b. third person multiple - the third person multiple is like a combination of the first person's POV and the first person peripheral, but in third person's POV. Meaning, you will have different character focus at a time. But, you cannot access all their thoughts at once. Naiiba yung focus kumbaga. Halimbawa, sa first scene ng first chapter, si main character yung naaksidente. You described their thoughts and feelings and the scene from their perspective. Then, you shift the focus to a bystander. Then the feelings, thoughts, and scenes are of the the bystanders. Once you're in the bystander's head, you cannot access the main character's thoughts and perspective. Gets? So parang pass the torch. Kung sino ang may hawak ng torch, sya lang yung nakakaramdam na hawak nya yung torch. But you can't describe the torch from other people's perspective.
c. third person omniscient - so... you're basically god. All knowing. You have access to everyone's thoughts and feelings and actions. Pwede kang magpalipat-lipat anytime and you also have other knowledge that even the characters know nothing about.
Personally, this is the easiest POV to write kasi parang wala kang limit. So if you're not sure how to write the third PPOV, I suggest you go with this one.
And don't be afraid to write in third PPOV. To be honest, I find it the easiest since it's not very limiting at yung point of view ko as a narrator is para akong cameraman. Siguro marami lang nahihirapan kasi sanay silang gumamit ng "I/ako" at mag-internalize na parang sila yung main character.
I'm not saying that it's bad, but for fantasies, sci-fi, and all those complicated genres that need descriptions and narrations, use the third person's PPOV.
Source: http://www.thebeginningwriter.com/2012/03/look-at-different-types-of-point-of.html
